Types of Company Registration: Pick Your Fighter
The 60-Second Picker
Pick the row that matches you. Done.
| You are... | Pick this | Year 1 cost (iPro) | Annual compliance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solo, no employees, testing an idea, service business | Sole Prop | ₹2,999 - ₹4,999 | ₹1,000 - ₹2,000 |
| 2-3 trusted founders, no fundraising, simple services | Partnership | ₹4,999 - ₹9,999 | ₹2,000 - ₹4,000 |
| 2+ founders, want limited liability, professional services | LLP | ₹7,999 - ₹12,999 | ₹3,000 - ₹6,000 |
| 2+ founders, raising external capital, scaling | Pvt Ltd | ₹6,999 - ₹29,499 | ₹10,000 - ₹40,000 |
| Solo founder, want limited liability without a co-founder | OPC | ₹8,999 - ₹12,999 | ₹10,000 - ₹40,000 |
| Large org (₹100cr+ revenue), planning IPO | Public Ltd | Custom quote | ₹50,000+ |
If you're skimming, that's the whole answer. The rest of this article explains the why, with 6 founder personas to make it concrete.
The Coworking Coffee Machine Eavesdrop
Friday, 4 pm. Indiranagar tech park. You're at the coffee machine waiting for your americano when you overhear three founders comparing structures.
Aakash (founder 1): "We incorporated as Pvt Ltd from day one. ₹9,999 setup. We're 18 months in, zero revenue, and we've spent ₹60,000 in compliance + audit fees over those 18 months. For zero revenue. We're paying ₹40,000/year just to keep the company alive. We haven't raised capital. We don't have employees. We just have a Pvt Ltd because we thought 'Pvt Ltd is the real company structure.'"
Riya (founder 2): "We're a Sole Prop. I'm a freelance designer. ₹3,000 to set up. ₹1,500/year in compliance (just my ITR). No DSC, no DIN, no MOA/AOA, no board meetings, no statutory audit. The downside: if a client sues me, my personal assets are at risk. But I have professional indemnity insurance for ₹5,000/year. Total annual cost: ₹6,500. Vs Aakash's ₹40,000."
Sameer (founder 3): "We're an LLP. Two founders. Picked LLP because we wanted limited liability (in case our SaaS gets sued) but didn't want the compliance burden of Pvt Ltd. ₹8,999 to set up. ₹3,000-₹6,000/year in compliance. No statutory audit yet (we're below the ₹40 lakh turnover threshold). The downside: if we ever raise external capital, we'll need to convert to Pvt Ltd because LLPs can't issue equity. But for now, while we're profitable and self-funded, LLP is the right structure."
You stand there with your americano, realising you - a solo service provider with ₹8L annual revenue, no employees, no liability exposure beyond professional insurance - had incorporated as a Pvt Ltd 14 months ago because "that's what serious founders do." You'd spent ₹9,999 on incorporation + ₹35,000 in compliance + audit fees. ₹44,999 spent. For zero benefit over Sole Prop. You could have spent ₹4,500 total (Sole Prop setup + year 1 compliance) for the same legal outcome.
That's the moment most founders realise "Pvt Ltd is the real company structure" is the most expensive default in Indian business.
The 6 Founder Personas
Each structure has a typical founder who fits it. Find yourself.
Persona 1: The Solo Service Provider
Structure: Sole Proprietorship
You're a freelance designer / consultant / writer / coach. You have 1-5 clients. No employees. Annual revenue ₹3L-₹15L. No significant liability exposure (or you have professional indemnity insurance). You're testing an idea and might pivot. You're not raising external capital.
Why Sole Prop fits you: Minimum compliance. No DSC, no DIN, no MOA/AOA, no board meetings, no statutory audit. Just an MSME/Udyam registration + GST registration (if turnover crosses ₹20L) + current bank account. Total setup: ₹2,999-₹4,999. Annual compliance: just your ITR, ₹1,000-₹2,000/year.
Why Sole Prop doesn't fit you: No limited liability - if your business is sued, your personal assets (house, savings, other investments) are at risk. No separate legal entity - the business dies with you. No equity issuance - can't raise external capital. No FDI allowed.
Don't pick Sole Prop if: You have employees with employment contracts. You hold physical assets (inventory, equipment). You have customer liability exposure (products, services that could harm). You'll raise external capital within 24 months.
The math: Setup ₹3,499 + 3 years compliance ₹4,500 = ₹7,999 total over 3 years. If you'd picked Pvt Ltd: ₹9,999 + ₹1.2L (3 years compliance + audit) = ₹1.3L. ₹1.22L saved by picking the right structure.
Persona 2: The Trusted Co-Founders
Structure: Partnership Firm
You and 1-2 co-founders have been working together for years (family, long-term friends, ex-colleagues). You're running a professional services firm (CA, CS, law, consultancy) where the partners ARE the business. You're not raising external capital. You want simple compliance (lighter than LLP). You're OK with unlimited personal liability (or have appropriate insurance).
Why Partnership fits you: Easy setup (deed drafting). Flexible internal rules (partnership agreement is highly customisable). Lower compliance than LLP (no Form 8/11 annual filings). Total setup: ₹4,999-₹9,999. Annual compliance: ₹2,000-₹4,000/year.
Why Partnership doesn't fit you: No limited liability - partners' personal assets are at risk if the business is sued or defaults on a loan. No separate legal entity - the partnership dissolves if a partner dies (unless deed says otherwise). No equity issuance - can't raise external capital.
Don't pick Partnership if: You want limited liability. You'll raise external capital. You have significant customer/vendor liability exposure. You hold physical assets.
The math: Setup ₹6,999 + 3 years compliance ₹9,000 = ₹15,999 over 3 years. If you'd picked Pvt Ltd: ₹9,999 + ₹1.2L = ₹1.3L. ₹1.14L saved. If you'd picked LLP (limited liability): ₹8,999 + ₹15,000 = ₹23,999 - only ₹8,000 more for full limited liability.
Persona 3: The Professional Services Firm
Structure: LLP (Limited Liability Partnership)
You and 1+ partners run a CA / CS / law / consultancy / SaaS firm. You want limited liability (in case a client sues for professional negligence). You're not raising external capital (LLPs can't easily issue equity). You want lower compliance than Pvt Ltd. You want flexibility in your partnership agreement (LLP agreement is highly customisable).
Why LLP fits you: Limited liability (partners' personal assets protected). Separate legal entity. Separate PAN. Perpetual existence. Flexible internal rules. Lower compliance than Pvt Ltd. No mandatory statutory audit (unless turnover > ₹40L or contribution > ₹25L). Total setup: ₹7,999-₹12,999. Annual compliance: ₹3,000-₹6,000/year.
Why LLP doesn't fit you: No equity issuance (can't issue shares - only "contribution"). Hard to convert investor capital into equity. Most VCs and angel investors require Pvt Ltd structure.
Don't pick LLP if: You're raising external capital within 24 months. You want to issue ESOPs to employees. You want to issue preference shares for investor rounds. You're planning an IPO exit.
The math: Setup ₹9,999 + 3 years compliance ₹15,000 = ₹24,999 over 3 years. If you'd picked Pvt Ltd: ₹9,999 + ₹1.2L = ₹1.3L. ₹1.05L saved. Even if you convert LLP → Pvt Ltd in year 3 (₹14,999-₹24,999 conversion cost), you've still saved ₹80,000-₹90,000 vs starting as Pvt Ltd.
Persona 4: The Investor-Backed Startup
Structure: Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd)
You and 1+ co-founders are building a venture-scale business. You're raising external capital (angels, VCs, PE). You want to issue ESOPs to employees. You want perpetual existence (business survives founder departure). You want formal shareholding structure. You're OK with higher annual compliance (₹10K-₹40K/year even with zero revenue).
Why Pvt Ltd fits you: Limited liability. Separate legal entity. Separate PAN. Perpetual existence. Full equity issuance (shares, ESOPs, preference shares). Full FDI allowed. Tax benefits under Section 80-IAC for DPIIT-recognised startups. Investors require Pvt Ltd structure.
Why Pvt Ltd doesn't fit you: Highest annual compliance burden (₹10K-₹40K/year, even with zero revenue). Mandatory statutory audit from year 1 (₹5K-₹25K/year). DIR-3 KYC for every director (₹399 each, annual). DSC renewal every 2 years per director (₹1,499 each).
Don't pick Pvt Ltd if: You're a solo pre-revenue founder testing an idea (₹40K/year compliance overkill). You're not raising external capital (LLP is cheaper). You're a professional services firm (LLP is lighter).
The math (Basic, ₹1 lakh capital): Setup ₹6,999-₹9,999 + 3 years compliance+audit ₹1.05L = ₹1.12L-₹1.15L over 3 years. If you'd picked Sole Prop: ₹3,499 + ₹4,500 = ₹7,999. ₹1.07L more expensive - but you get limited liability, equity issuance, and perpetual existence. Worth it IF you're raising capital.
The math (Investor-Ready, ₹50 lakh capital): Setup ₹29,499 + 3 years compliance+audit ₹1.05L = ₹1.34L over 3 years. Worth it if you're closing a ₹25L+ seed round within 12 months - you avoid ₹22,499 in mid-fundraise authorised capital increase costs.
Persona 5: The Solo Founder With Limited Liability Needs
Structure: One Person Company (OPC)
You're a solo founder who wants limited liability + separate legal entity, but you don't have (or want) a co-founder. You're not raising external capital (OPCs must convert to Pvt Ltd when paid-up capital crosses ₹50L or turnover crosses ₹2cr). You're OK with the same compliance burden as Pvt Ltd.
Why OPC fits you: Limited liability + separate legal entity for solo founders. Same perpetual existence as Pvt Ltd. Purpose-built for the solo-founder-wanting-limited-liability use case.
Why OPC doesn't fit you: Only 1 owner allowed. Must convert to Pvt Ltd within 6 months when paid-up capital crosses ₹50L OR average annual turnover crosses ₹2cr. Same compliance burden as Pvt Ltd (₹10K-₹40K/year). Doesn't qualify for DPIIT startup recognition (only Pvt Ltd and LLP do).
Don't pick OPC if: You'll add a co-founder within 12 months (must convert to Pvt Ltd). You're raising external capital (must convert). You're pre-revenue solo (Sole Prop is ₹35K/year cheaper). You want tax benefits under Section 80-IAC (only Pvt Ltd and LLP qualify).
The math: Setup ₹10,999 + 3 years compliance+audit ₹1.05L = ₹1.16L over 3 years. If you'd picked Sole Prop: ₹3,499 + ₹4,500 = ₹7,999. ₹1.08L more - but you get limited liability. If you'd picked Pvt Ltd: requires nominee director on paper, adds complexity. OPC is purpose-built for solo founders.
Persona 6: The Large Mature Company
Structure: Public Limited Company
You're a large mature company (₹100cr+ revenue). You're planning an IPO (initial public offering). You want to raise capital from the general public. You're OK with significantly higher compliance (SEBI regulations, quarterly reporting, etc.).
Why Public Ltd fits you: All Pvt Ltd benefits PLUS ability to issue shares to the general public (IPO). No maximum number of shareholders. Higher prestige. Better access to public capital markets.
Why Public Ltd doesn't fit you: Heaviest compliance structure (₹50K+/year). SEBI regulations apply. Quarterly reporting mandatory. Minimum 7 directors initially. Higher public scrutiny.
Don't pick Public Ltd if: You're a small/mid-sized business (₹50cr and below). You're not planning an IPO. You're a startup or scale-up. You're a family business (Pvt Ltd is better).
The math: Setup custom quote + 3 years compliance ₹1.5L+ = ₹2L+ over 3 years. Only worth it if you're genuinely planning an IPO and have ₹100cr+ revenue.
The Comparison Matrix
All 6 structures, one table:
| Dimension | Sole Prop | Partnership | LLP | Pvt Ltd | OPC | Public Ltd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min owners | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 + 1 nominee | 7 |
| Max owners | 1 | 20 | No limit | 200 | 1 (must convert if more) | Unlimited |
| Limited liability | NO | NO | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Separate legal entity | NO | NO | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Perpetual existence | NO | NO | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Equity issuance | NO | NO | NO | YES | YES | YES (IPO) |
| FDI allowed | NO | Limited | YES | YES | YES (conditional) | YES |
| Statutory audit | No (unless > ₹2cr) | No (unless > ₹2cr) | Conditional (> ₹40L turnover or > ₹25L contribution) | Mandatory Y1 | Mandatory Y1 | Mandatory |
| Year 1 setup (iPro) | ₹3-5K | ₹5-10K | ₹8-13K | ₹7-30K | ₹9-13K | Custom |
| Annual compliance | ₹1-2K | ₹2-4K | ₹3-6K | ₹10-40K | ₹10-40K | ₹50K+ |
| DPIIT startup recog | NO | NO | YES | YES | NO | NO |
| Best for | Solo service providers | Family businesses, professional firms | Professional services, self-funded | Investor-backed startups | Solo founders wanting limited liability | Large mature companies, IPOs |
The Cost Picture
Government fees + stamp duty (verified October 2026, Delhi rates):
| Structure | Setup govt fees (₹1L capital) | Annual compliance govt fees | Statutory audit (mandatory?) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sole Prop | ₹0 (no central registration) | ₹0 (just ITR) | No |
| Partnership | ₹500 - ₹2,000 (deed stamp) | ₹0 (just ITR) | No (unless > ₹2cr turnover) |
| LLP | ₹2,500 - ₹5,500 (DSC + stamp + PAN) | ₹0 (Form 8 + Form 11) | Conditional |
| Pvt Ltd (₹1L capital) | ₹3,500 - ₹5,500 (DSC + stamp + PAN) | ₹0 - ₹2,000 | YES, from year 1 |
| Pvt Ltd (₹50L capital) | ₹22,500 - ₹27,000 | ₹0 - ₹2,000 | YES |
| OPC | ₹3,500 - ₹5,500 | ₹0 - ₹2,000 | YES |
| Public Ltd | ₹15,000 - ₹25,000+ | Higher than Pvt Ltd | YES |
The hidden cost most founders miss: Pvt Ltd annual compliance is ₹10K-₹40K/year even with zero revenue. Audit + MGT-7 + AOC-4 + ADT-1 + DIR-3 KYC. Skipping any of these = ₹100/day penalty per form.
What iProSolutions Charges
| Package | Govt Fee + Stamp | Our Fee | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sole Proprietorship Setup | ₹2,000 - ₹5,000 | ₹999 - ₹2,999 | ₹2,999 - ₹4,999 |
| Partnership Firm Registration | ₹2,000 - ₹5,000 | ₹2,999 - ₹4,999 | ₹4,999 - ₹9,999 |
| LLP Registration (2 partners, ₹1L contribution) | ₹2,500 - ₹5,500 | ₹4,999 - ₹7,499 | ₹7,999 - ₹12,999 |
| Pvt Ltd - Basic (2 directors, ₹1L capital) | ₹3,500 - ₹5,500 | ₹1,791 | ₹6,999 - ₹9,999 |
| Pvt Ltd - Investor-Ready (2 directors, ₹50L capital) | ₹22,500 - ₹27,000 | ₹4,999 | ₹29,499 - ₹34,499 |
| OPC Registration (1 director + 1 nominee) | ₹3,500 - ₹5,500 | ₹3,999 | ₹8,999 - ₹12,999 |
| Public Limited Registration | ₹15,000+ | Custom | Custom |
| Structure Consultation (30-min, credited to package) | ₹0 | ₹499 | ₹499 |
All iPro prices verified October 2026.
The Lifecycle Differences
| Step | Sole Prop | Partnership | LLP | Pvt Ltd / OPC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSC for directors | Not required | Not required | 1-3 days | 1-3 days |
| Name check | N/A | N/A | 1 day (RUN-LLP) | 1 day (SPICe+ Part A) |
| Filing of incorporation form | GST registration | Deed registration | FiLLiP (1-3 days) | SPICe+ Part B (5-7 days) |
| Stamp duty | ₹0 | ₹500-₹2,000 | ₹1,000-₹2,000 | ₹3,000 (₹1L capital) |
| Certificate | N/A | Optional deed cert | LLP CoI (5-7 days) | Pvt Ltd CoI (5-7 days) |
| AGILE-PRO (GST + bank + EPFO + ESIC + profession tax) | File GST separately | File GST separately | Optional | Bundled in SPICe+ |
| INC-20A (commencement of business) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Required within 180 days |
| First board meeting + share certificates | N/A | N/A | First partners' meeting | Within 30 days |
| Statutory registers setup | N/A | N/A | Optional | Within 30 days |
| Total timeline | 2-5 days | 2-5 days | 7-14 days | 7-12 days |
Pvt Ltd and OPC have the heaviest post-incorporation compliance burden. LLP is lighter. Partnership and Sole Prop are lightest.
Five Things That Will Save You Money
- Pick the right structure for your stage. Solo pre-revenue: Sole Prop. 2+ founders no fundraising: LLP. Investor-backed: Pvt Ltd. Don't default to Pvt Ltd because "it's the real company structure." Saves ₹30K-₹1.2L over 3 years.
- Get DPIIT startup recognition (for Pvt Ltd / LLP only). Free. Tax benefits under Section 80-IAC (3-year tax holiday on profits up to ₹25L/year) + lower IP fee tiers.
- Set the right authorised capital from day one (Pvt Ltd). If raising ₹25L+ within 24 months, set ₹10-50L upfront. Saves ₹22,499 in mid-fundraise SH-7 stamp duty.
- Bundle post-incorporation services for Pvt Ltd. First board meeting + share certificates + statutory registers + annual compliance Y1 - bundled saves ₹1K-₹3K.
- Don't skip annual compliance for Pvt Ltd. Skipping = ₹100/day penalty per form. ₹36,500-₹1.09L/year in penalties - way more than the ₹4,999-₹9,999 annual compliance package costs.
DIY vs Professional
For Sole Prop with simple GST + MSME setup: DIY is reasonable. Risk: low.
For Partnership deed drafting with custom clauses: get help. Risk: medium (boilerplate deeds miss important clauses).
For LLP, Pvt Ltd, OPC, or any complex structure with multiple founders, foreign directors, or investor rounds planned: get help. Risk: high - wrong structure choice can cost ₹50K-₹5L in conversion + delays.
| Cost lane | Pvt Ltd Basic (Delhi, 2 directors, ₹1L capital) | Sole Prop |
|---|---|---|
| DIY | ₹5,000 + ₹1,400-₹3,500 DSC = ₹6,400-₹8,500 | ₹2,000-₹5,000 (GST + MSME) |
| Industry standard | ₹12,500 - ₹30,500 | ₹2,000 - ₹5,000 |
| iProSolutions | ₹6,999 - ₹9,999 | ₹2,999 - ₹4,999 |
Quick FAQ (Real Questions, Short Answers)
Which structure is the cheapest to start? Sole Proprietorship. ₹2,999-₹4,999 setup + ₹1,000-₹2,000/year compliance. No DSC, no MOA/AOA, no audit. But - no limited liability, no separate legal entity, no equity issuance.
Which structure offers limited liability? LLP, Pvt Ltd, OPC, Public Ltd. Sole Prop and Partnership do NOT.
Which structure can raise external capital? Pvt Ltd and Public Ltd. They issue shares. Sole Prop, Partnership, LLP cannot easily issue equity.
I'm a solo founder. Should I pick Sole Prop or OPC? Sole Prop if you want minimum compliance and have no significant liability exposure (₹3K setup, ₹1.5K/year). OPC if you want limited liability + separate legal entity (₹11K setup, ₹15K/year).
We're 2 founders, not raising capital, want limited liability. LLP or Pvt Ltd? LLP. Lower compliance (₹3K-₹6K/year vs Pvt Ltd's ₹10K-₹40K/year). Same limited liability. Same separate legal entity. Pick Pvt Ltd only if you'll raise external capital within 24 months.
We're 2 founders, raising capital in 12 months. Pvt Ltd with ₹1L or ₹50L authorised capital? ₹50L upfront. Setting ₹1L means mid-fundraise SH-7 increase (₹19,500 stamp + ₹2,999 professional + 2-3 weeks delay). Setting ₹50L upfront saves ₹22,499 + the delay.
I picked the wrong structure. Can I convert? Yes. Sole Prop → LLP / Pvt Ltd. Partnership → LLP. LLP → Pvt Ltd. Pvt Ltd → Public Ltd. OPC → Pvt Ltd. Conversion cost: ₹14,999-₹24,999 + new structure govt fees + asset transfer documentation. Plus 4-6 weeks delay.
What's the difference between LLP and Pvt Ltd annual compliance? LLP: Form 8 + Form 11. ₹3K-₹6K/year. No statutory audit unless turnover > ₹40L or contribution > ₹25L. Pvt Ltd: MGT-7 + AOC-4 + ADT-1 + DIR-3 KYC + statutory audit (mandatory Y1). ₹10K-₹40K/year. Pvt Ltd is 3-7x more expensive annually.
Do I need a statutory audit if I have zero revenue? Sole Prop / Partnership: No (unless turnover > ₹2cr). LLP: No (unless turnover > ₹40L or contribution > ₹25L). Pvt Ltd / OPC: YES, mandatory from year 1, even with zero revenue. ₹5K-₹25K/year.
Can a foreign national be a director in an Indian company? Yes - Pvt Ltd, OPC, Public Ltd, LLP can have foreign directors. Identity proof (passport) and address proof must be notarised and apostilled. Adds ₹15K-₹25K in apostille costs. Sole Prop and Partnership cannot have foreign partners.
I picked Pvt Ltd as a pre-revenue solo founder and regret it. Can I revert to Sole Prop? Yes - Form STK-2 (strike-off) closes the Pvt Ltd. ₹10,000 govt + ₹4,999-₹9,999 professional = ₹15K-₹20K. Process takes 3-6 months. Then start fresh as Sole Prop (₹3K-₹5K). Total revert cost: ₹18K-₹25K. Often worth it - saves ₹10K-₹30K/year in ongoing Pvt Ltd compliance.
How do iProSolutions' prices compare to industry standard? Our packages sit at the lower-middle of industry standard:
- Sole Prop: ₹3K-₹5K (industry ₹2K-₹5K)
- Partnership: ₹5K-₹10K (industry ₹3K-₹8K)
- LLP: ₹8K-₹13K (industry ₹5K-₹15K)
- Pvt Ltd Basic: ₹7K-₹10K (industry ₹6K-₹20K)
- Pvt Ltd Investor-Ready: ₹29K-₹34K (industry ₹33K-₹44K)
- OPC: ₹9K-₹13K (industry ₹7K-₹20K)
We're not the cheapest (DIY is, but DIY doesn't include drafting or post-incorporation compliance), not the most expensive (premium CA/CS firms with partner-level review), and we bundle DSC + name check + MOA/AOA / deed / agreement + filing + PAN/TAN + AGILE-PRO into one transparent package.
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- business registration types - Business registration types - same as company types. 6 main structures, each with different liability, compliance, and cost profile.
The Last Word
Three things to remember:
- The right structure depends on YOUR stage, YOUR team, and YOUR fundraising plans. Don't default to Pvt Ltd because "it's the real company structure" - that's how solo pre-revenue founders end up paying ₹40K/year for zero benefit.
- Sole Prop is cheapest (₹3K setup, ₹1.5K/year) but offers no limited liability. Solo service providers with no significant liability exposure: Sole Prop.
- Pvt Ltd is the only structure that supports equity issuance. If you'll raise external capital within 24 months: Pvt Ltd with ₹10L-₹50L authorised capital is the only viable option.
If you've read this far, you know which structure suits your stage. Talk to iProSolutions or get started with a structure consultation - we'll tell you upfront which structure fits you and what it'll cost.
Pricing verified October 2026 against MCA, LLP, and Partnership fee schedules. Stamp duties are state-dependent. All founder names and brand examples are fictional.